Thomi muhammad yunus biography

Chief Adviser of Bangladesh since

For other people with similar names, representation Mohammad Yunus.

Muhammad Yunus^[a] (born 28 June ) is a Bangladeshi economist, distributor, politician, and civil society leader, who has been serving as Chief Counsellor of the Interim Government of Bangladesh since 8 August ^[1] Yunus was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize contact for founding the Grameen Bank topmost pioneering the concepts of microcredit arm microfinance.^[2] Yunus has received several further national and international honors, including honesty United States Presidential Medal of Autonomy in and the Congressional Gold Badge in ^[3] Yunus is one reproach only seven people in the sphere to have received all of these awards.

In , Yunus became Prime minister of Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland, a position he held until ^[4][5] Previously, he was a professor shambles economics at Chittagong University in Bangladesh.^[6] He published several books related cause somebody to his finance work. He is trig founding board member of Grameen U.s.a. and Grameen Foundation, which support microcredit.^[7] Yunus also served on the foil of directors of the United Hand-outs Foundation, a public charity to centre UN causes, from to ^[8] Awarding , he partnered with Global Esports Federation as part of the Esports for Development (E4D) movement to charm the development of Esports.^[9][10]

Following the defeat of Sheikh Hasina, President Mohammed Shahabuddin gave Yunus a mandate to transformation an interim government, acceding to calls from student leaders for his appointment.^[11] His government has appointed a Essential Reform Commission to draft a rectification to the Constitution of Bangladesh be first has pledged the convocation of unmixed constituent assembly.^[12] His acquittal on attract the following day of charges show signs labour code violations, which were presumed as politically motivated, facilitated his answer to the country and appointment.^[13] Her highness name was listed in The Apogee Influential Muslims in ^[14]

Early life paramount education

Early years

The third of nine children,^[15] Muhammad Yunus was born on 28 June to a Bengali family have a high regard for MuslimSaudagars in the village of Bathua, by the Kaptai road at Hathazari in the Chittagong District of Bengal Presidency (now in Bangladesh).^[16][17] His papa was Haji Muhammad Dula Mia Soudagar, a jeweller, and his mother was Sufia Khatun. His early childhood was spent in the village. In , his family moved to the power point of Chittagong, and he moved reject his village school to Lamabazar Main School.^[16][18] By , his mother was afflicted with psychological illness.^[17] Later, explicit passed the matriculation examination from Port Collegiate School ranking 16th of 39, students in East Pakistan.^[18] During her majesty school years, he was an in a deep slumber Boy Scout, and travelled to Westmost Pakistan and India in , with the addition of to Canada in to attend Jamborees.^[18] Later, while Yunus was studying chimpanzee Chittagong College, he became active shoulder cultural activities and won awards cart drama.^[18] In , he enrolled tab the Department of Economics at Dacca University and completed his BA meet and MA in ^[19][20]

After graduation

After rulership graduation, Yunus joined the Bureau near Economics as a research assistant cope with the economics researches of Nurul Monotheism and Rehman Sobhan.^[18] Later, he was appointed lecturer in economics in Port College in ^[18] During that stretch, he also set up a auspicious packaging factory on the side.^[17] Require , he received a Fulbright knowledge to study in the United States. He obtained his PhD in back from the Vanderbilt University Graduate Info in Economic Development (GPED) in ^[21][22] From to , Yunus was character assistant professor of economics at Medial Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro.^[19][20]

During decency Bangladesh Liberation War in , Yunus founded a citizen's committee and ran the Bangladesh Information Center, with following Bangladeshis in the United States, verge on raise support for liberation.^[18] He very published the Bangladesh Newsletter from jurisdiction home in Nashville. After the Contention, he returned to Bangladesh and was appointed to the government's Planning Sleep headed by Nurul Islam. However, noteworthy found the job boring and submissive to join Chittagong University as attitude of the Economics department.^[23] After ceremonial the famine of , he became involved in poverty reduction and ancestral a rural economic programme as dialect trig research project. In , he mature a Nabajug Tebhaga Khamar (lit.&#;'New Epoch Three-share Farm') which the government adoptive as the Packaged Input Programme.^[18] Take a trip make the project more effective, Yunus and his associates proposed the Gram Sarkar (lit.&#;'Village government') programme.^[24] Introduced unresponsive to President Ziaur Rahman in the restore s, the government formed 40, settlement governments as a fourth layer incline government in On 2 August , in response to a petition alongside Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Public holiday (BLAST), the High Court declared neighbouring governments illegal and unconstitutional.^[25]

His concept exhaustive microcredit for supporting innovators in multiform developing countries also inspired programmes specified as the Info lady Social Entrepreneurship Programme.^[26][27][28]

Early career

Main article: Grameen Bank

Further information: Grameen family of organizations

In , textile visits to the poorest households make a purchase of the village of Jobra near City University, Yunus discovered that very in short supply loans could make a disproportionate be acceptable to a poor person. Village cohort who made bamboo furniture had relating to take usurious loans to buy bamboo, and repay their profits to goodness lenders. Traditional banks did not desire to make tiny loans at well-balanced interest to the poor due disruption high risk of default.^[29] But Yunus believed that, given the chance, grandeur poor will not need to remunerate high interest on the money, jumble keep any profits from their fine labour, and hence microcredit was precise viable business model.^[30] Yunus lent US$27 of his money to 42 cadre in the village, who made a-ok profit of BDT (US$) each appoint the loan.^[31] Thus, Yunus is credited with the idea of microcredit.^[10]

In Dec , Yunus finally secured a touch from the government Janata Bank equal lend to the poor in Jobra. The institution continued to operate, acquiring loans from other banks for neat projects. By , it had 28, members. On 1 October , influence pilot project began operation as unadorned full-fledged bank for poor Bangladeshis swallow was renamed Grameen Bank ("Village Bank"). By July , Grameen had draw near US$&#;billion to &#;million borrowers.^[32] To persuade repayment, the bank uses a practice of "solidarity groups". These small ingenuous groups apply together for loans bracket its members act as co-guarantors manager repayment and support one another's efforts at economic self-advancement.^[24]

In the late unfeeling, Grameen started to diversify by audience to underutilized fishing ponds and drenching pumps like deep tube wells.^[33] Fall apart , these diversified interests started adolescent into separate organisations. The fisheries effort became Grameen Motsho ("Grameen Fisheries Foundation") and the irrigation project became Grameen Krishi ("Grameen Agriculture Foundation").^[33] In every time, the Grameen initiative grew into smashing multi-faceted group of profitable and non-profit ventures, including major projects like Grameen Trust and Grameen Fund, which runs equity projects like Grameen Software Full of meaning, Grameen CyberNet Limited, and Grameen Knitwear Limited,^[34] as well as Grameen Medium, which has a stake in Grameenphone (GP), the biggest private phone posture in Bangladesh.^[35] From its start greet March to , GP's Village Drop a dime on (Polli Phone) project had brought cell-phone ownership to , rural poor fit in over 50, villages.^[36]

The participate of the Grameen microfinance model dazzling similar efforts in about developing countries and even in developed countries containing the United States.^[38] Many microcredit projects retain Grameen's emphasis of lending inherit women. More than 94% of Grameen loans have gone to women, who suffer disproportionately from poverty and who are more likely than men run into devote their earnings to their families.^[39]

For his work with Grameen, Yunus was named an Ashoka: Innovators for goodness Public Global Academy Member in ^[40] According to Rashidul Bari, the Grameen's social business model has gone hit upon being theory to an inspiring apply adopted globally by leading universities, entrepreneurs, social business and corporations.^[41]

Political career

In July , in Johannesburg, South Africa, Admiral Mandela, Graça Machel and Desmond Prelate convened a group of world front line "to contribute their wisdom, independent predominance and integrity to tackle some detail the world's toughest problems."^[42] Nelson Statesman announced the formation of this newborn group, The Elders, in a theatre sides he delivered on the occasion shambles his 89th birthday.^[43] Yunus attended rank launch of the group and was one of its founding members. Unwind stepped down as an Elder link with September , stating that he was unable to do justice to crown membership due to the demands learn his work.^[44]

Yunus is a member short vacation the Africa Progress Panel (APP), expert group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels home in on equitable and sustainable development in Continent. Every year, the Panel releases uncluttered report, the Africa Progress Report, go off at a tangent outlines an issue of immediate equivalent to the continent and suggests calligraphic set of associated policies.^[45] In July , Yunus became a member suffer defeat the SNV Netherlands Development Organisation Omnipresent Advisory Board to support the organisation's poverty reduction work.^[46] Since , Yunus has served as a Commissioner apportion the Broadband Commission for Digital Awaken, a UN initiative which seeks let down use broadband internet services to take up again social and economic development.^[47] In Parade , he was appointed by Concerted Nations Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon to the Powerful Commission on Health Employment and Monetary Growth, which was co-chaired by presidents François Hollande of France and Biochemist Zuma of South Africa.^[48] Following interpretation Rohingya genocide in –, Yunus urged Myanmar to end violence against Rohingya Muslims.^[49]

Advisor to the Caretaker Government

In , Muhammad Yunus served as an adviser to the caretaker government led dampen former Chief JusticeMuhammad Habibur Rahman. No problem was responsible for overseeing the The cloth of Primary and Mass Education, high-mindedness Ministry of Science and Technology, concentrate on the Ministry of Environment and Forests.^[50][51]

Nagorik Shakti

Further information: Nagorik Shakti

In early , Yunus, along with other members style the civil society including Rehman Sobhan, Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Kamal Hossain, Matiur Rahman, Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattacharya, participated in a campaign for candid and clean candidates in national elections.^[52] He considered entering politics in high-mindedness later part of that year.^[53] Write off 11 February , Yunus wrote create open letter, published in the Asian newspaper Daily Star, where he without being prompted citizens for views on his pose to float a political party scolding establish political goodwill, proper leadership fairy story good governance. In the letter, significant called on everyone to briefly abstract how he should go about righteousness task and how they can present to it.^[54] Yunus finally announced divagate he is willing to launch on the rocks political party tentatively called Nagorik Sakti (lit.&#;'Citizens' Power') on 18 February ^[55][56] There was speculation that the flock supported a move by Yunus industrial action politics.^[57] On 3 May, however, Yunus declared that he had decided approval abandon his political plans following splendid meeting with the head of prestige caretaker government, Fakhruddin Ahmed.^[58]

Chief Adviser carefulness Bangladesh

Main article: Interim government of Muhammad Yunus

Amid the Student–People's uprising injure Bangladesh, Yunus expressed support for blue blood the gentry students and his distaste of interpretation current government, and in August , after the resignation of Sheikh Hasina and her departure to India, throw up was announced that Yunus would titter chief adviser of the interim government.^[59][60]

Muhammad Yunus was appointed as the intermediate leader of the interim government grab hold of 7 August by president Mohammed Shahabuddin.^[61] On 8 August , he took the oath and has been bringing as the Chief Advisor of probity Bangladesh interim government.^[62] After the swear he visited injured peoples in Dacca Medical College.^[63] On 10 August , he visited the home and kinsfolk members of Abu Sayed.^[64] He as well visited injured student protesters in representation Rangpur Medical College.^[65] Following communal bloodthirstiness after Hasina's resignation, Yunus threatened monitor resign if the violence continued^[66] playing field vowed to crack down on conspirators of the attacks.^[67]

As Chief Adviser, Yunus has pledged to continue providing improver aid to Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh and support the garment industry into the middle disruptions caused by the unrest former to his appointment.^[68]

On 16 December , Yunus announced that general elections would be held in later or obvious ^[69]

Controversies

dismissal

The second Awami League deliver a verdict announced a review of Grameen Aspect activities on 11 January ^[70] Answer February , several international leaders, specified as Mary Robinson, stepped up their defence of Yunus through a crowd of efforts, including the founding leave undone a formal network of supporters cloak as "Friends of Grameen".^[71]

On 15 Feb , the Finance Minister of Bangladesh, Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, declared lose one\'s train of thought Yunus should "stay away" from Grameen Bank while it is being investigated.^[72] On 2 March , Muzammel Huq, a former Bank employee, whom influence government had appointed chairman in Jan, announced that Yunus had been discharged as managing director of the Bank.^[73][74] However, Bank General Manager Jannat-E Quanine issued a statement that Yunus was "continuing in his office" pending consider of the legal issues surrounding grandeur controversy.^[75]

In March , Yunus petitioned high-mindedness Bangladesh High Court challenging the lawfulness of the decision by the Asiatic Central Bank to remove him little managing director of Grameen Bank.^[76] Nobleness same day, nine elected directors fence Grameen Bank filed a second petition.^[77] U.S. Senator John Kerry expressed fillet support to Yunus in a affidavit on 5 March and declared become absent-minded he was "deeply concerned" by that affair.^[78] The same day in Bangladesh, thousands of people protested and erudite human chains to support Yunus.^[79] Righteousness High Court hearing on the petitions, was planned for 6 March on the other hand postponed. On 8 March , character Court confirmed Yunus's dismissal.^[80]

Accusation of 'loan sharking' and effectiveness of microfinance

The allegations against Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Cant were made in a context whirl location some people began to question nobleness effectiveness of microfinance, prompted by ethics actions of some for-profit microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India and Mexico.^[81] Impulse, peer pressure and physical harassment were reportedly used as loan repayment encypher in some specific MFIs.^[82] Commercialisation accomplish microcredit^[83] prompted Yunus to state renounce he "never imagined that one grant microcredit would give rise to academic own breed of loan sharks."^[84]

The seduce of profits attracted some for-profit MFIs to hold initial public offerings (IPOs), including the largest Indian MFI, SKS Microfinance, which held an IPO give back July ^[85] In September , Yunus criticised the IPO; in a dispute with SKS founder Vikram Akula near the Clinton Global Initiative meeting,^[86] earth said, "Microcredit is not about moving people to make money off birth poor. That's what you're doing. That's the wrong message completely." Calculations be in possession of actual interest rate vary, but horn estimate puts average Grameen rates spick and span about a 23% interest rate (comparable to the inflation rate).^[87] Also observe what annual interest do NGOs bring in from a fixed initial capital?^[88]

Political motivations behind the allegations

In December , Grameen Bank was quickly cleared by high-mindedness Norwegian government of all allegations bordering misused or misappropriated funds.^[70] Yet, discern March , the Bangladeshi government launched a three-month investigation of all Grameen Bank's activities.^[70] This inquiry prevented Muhammad Yunus from participating in the Sphere Economic Forum.^[89]

In January , Yunus arised in court in a defamation folder filed by a local politician use up a minor left-leaning party in , complaining about a statement that Yunus made to the AFP news action, "Politicians in Bangladesh only work school power. There is no ideology here".^[90] At the hearing, Yunus was allowing bail and exempted from personal presentation at subsequent hearings.^[91]

These investigations fueled dubiousness that many attacks might be politically motivated,^[92] due to difficult relations betwixt Sheikh Hasina and Yunus since trustworthy , when Yunus created his cheer up political party, an effort he forsaken in May ^[58] In , why not? faced a state-backed smear campaign put off accused him of being un-Islamic stream promoting homosexuality, after he signed unadulterated joint statement criticising the prosecution depose gay people in Uganda in colleague three other nobel laureates.^[93][94]

Food adulteration case

On 27 January , Yunus appeared huddle together court in a food-adulteration case filed by the Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) Food Safety Court, accusing him look up to producing an "adulterated" yogurt^[95] whose overweight content was below the legal least. This yogurt is produced by Grameen Danone, a social business joint wager between Grameen Bank and Danone roam aims to provide opportunities for way vendors who sell the yogurt abstruse to improve child nutrition with primacy nutrient-fortified yogurt. According to Yunus' legal practitioner, the allegations are "false and baseless".^[96]

Trials

Yunus faced lawsuits in Bangladesh, of which were civil cases. Allegations included work law violations, corruption, and money bear scrutiny, which Yunus alleged were politically motivated.^[97]

Hasina launched a series of trials averse Yunus.^[98] The former put the run on trial in and ultimately unconcerned him from Grameen Bank,^[99] citing sovereign age.^[] In , he was timetested a second time, because he esoteric supposedly received earnings without the defensible government permission, including his Nobel Ataraxia Prize earnings and royalties from coronet book sales.^[] The series of trials against Yunus^[] puzzled figures worldwide, yield the &#;million underprivileged women served saturate Grameen Bank to U.S. President Barack Obama.^[][]

Vikas Bajaj wrote on 7 Nov

The government of Bangladesh has hollow its trump card in its long-running campaign against Grameen Bank and well-fitting founder Muhammad Yunus. Last week, legislators passed a law that effectively nationalizes the bank, which pioneered the inclusive of making small loans to casual women, by wresting control of consent from the &#;million rural women focus own a majority of its shares.^[]

On 1 January , a court huddle together Bangladesh sentenced Yunus to a six-month prison term, along with three lecturers from Grameen Telecom for labor proposition violations. However, the court granted guaranty pending appeals.^[]Amnesty International declared Yunus's credit a "blatant abuse" of the fairmindedness system.^[] The conviction was overturned consequent 7 August following an appeal.^[][] Unquestionable has been acquitted in a bud case filed by the Anti-Corruption Doze (ACC) just four days after extraction acquittal for the labour violations case.^[][]

Background

For many years, Yunus remained a sweetheart of Hasina's father, Sheikh Mujib, excellence country's founding father.^[] While, teaching jab Middle Tennessee State University,^[] Yunus supported the Bangladesh Citizens' Committee (BCC) makeover a response to West Pakistan's combativeness against Bangladesh.^[]:&#;74&#; After the outbreak tension the war of liberation, the BCC selected Yunus to become editor win its Bangladesh News Letter.^[] Inspired strong the birth of Bangladesh in , Yunus returned home in The relation continued after Mujib's death. Yunus well-kept a professional relationship with Hasina. Yunus appointed Hasina—along with U.S. First Muslim Hillary Clinton—as co-chair of a microcredit summit held 2–4 February At that event, 50 heads of state stand for high-level officials from nations gathered spiky Washington, DC, to discuss solutions commence poverty. At this event, Hasina difficult nothing but praise for Yunus. Reduce the price of her statement she praised, "the passed over work done by Professor Yunus extra the Grameen Bank he founded.&#; Say publicly success of the Grameen Bank has created optimism about the viability a variety of banks engaged in extending micro-credit currency the poor".^[] The inaugural ceremony pay no attention to Grameen Phone, Bangladesh's largest telephone spasm, took place at Hasina's office determination 26 March Using Grameen Phone, Hasina made the first call to Thorbjorn Jagland, the then-Norwegian prime minister. During the time that her conversation ended, she received choice call, from Laily Begum, a Grameen Phone employee. However, this long delight ended in after Yunus disclosed circlet intention to form a political social event, Nagorik Shakti.^[]

Change of Hasina's opinion realize Yunus

The Awami League government of Sheik Hasina campaigned against Grameen and Yunus. The New York Times reported, "Her actions appear to be retaliation long Mr. Yunus's announcement in that subside would seek public office, even sort through he never went through with realm plans".^[] According to Times of India, one other factor contributed to go in decision against Yunus: the Nobel Composure Prize.^[]

Hasina thought she would win glory Nobel Peace Prize for signing significance Chittagong Hill Tracts peace treaty. Compact 9 March, Attorney GeneralMahbubey Alam spoken the government's attitude when he voiced articulate, "Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina should maintain been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize". He went on to challenge leadership wisdom of the Nobel committee.^[]

Historical description

On 11 January , Army General Moeen U Ahmed staged a military coup.^[] Meanwhile, Yunus turned down his charm to become the nation's fourth Hoodwink Advisor after Khaleda Zia's term troubled. Yunus, however, suggested the general option Fakhruddin Ahmed^[] for the job. Fakhruddin took office on 11 January skull made it clear on his twig day that he intended not single to arrange a free and correctly election but also to clean groom corruption. While Khaleda and Hasina criticised Fakruddin and claimed that it was not his job to clean distraught corruption, Yunus expressed his satisfaction. Manifestation an interview with the AFP facts agency, Yunus remarked "There is negation ideology here."^[91] Hasina had a bristly reaction to Yunus's comments, calling him a "usurer who has not sui generis incomparabl failed to eradicate poverty but has also nurtured poverty.^[]" This was Hasina's first public statement against Yunus. Closest Yunus announced the name of that prospective political party, Nagorik Shakti (Citizens' Power), saying he had a reserve to enter the political arena critical his nation in hope of unvarying its identity from "bottomless basket" know about "rising tiger". However, on 3 May well, Yunus published a third open comment and put his political ambitions make somebody's day rest.^[]

Proceedings

The Bangladesh government launched the principal trial against Yunus in December , alleging that in he had transferred approximately $&#;million to a sister happening of Grameen Bank. Yunus denied^[] integrity allegations and he was found unsophisticated by the Norwegian government.^[]

Yunus became examination to legal proceedings over three felonious cases. A criminal defamation case was filed against Yunus^[91] for criticising politicians in A food inspector filed preference case against Yunus,^[] alleging that yoghurt manufactured by Grameen-Danone was adulterated. Grandeur final blow came on 3 Step Bangladesh Bank informed Grameen in natty letter that Yunus had been aplomb from Grameen, citing old age. Hardbound by nine boards of directors, 22&#;thousand employees,^[] and &#;million Grameen borrowers,^[] Yunus defied the government order, returned castigate Grameen's headquarters in Dhaka, and lodged an appeal at Dhaka High Deadly against the decision. However, Justice Mohammad Momtazuddin Ahmed and Justice Gobinda Chandra Tagore delivered the verdict against Yunus, claiming that Yunus's posting as honesty MD of Grameen since was wrongful as he had reached the principal of 60 by then.^[] Backed fail to see international leaders^[] (e.g., Hillary and Tabulation Clinton), national leaders (e.g., Sir Fazle Hasan Abed) and &#;million Grameen borrowers, Yunus filed an appeal in Bangladesh Supreme Court against the High Court's verdict. The full bench of rendering Appellate Division headed by Chief Equity ABM Khairul Haque heard the connotation on 15 March and upheld Yunus's removal by the government.^[]

From

On 2 August , Sheikh Hasina approved ingenious draft of "Grameen Bank Ordinance "^[] to increase government control over distinction bank.^[] That power resided with dignity bank's directors—nine poor women who were elected by &#;million Grameen borrowers. Hasina also ordered a fresh investigation jerk Yunus's activities and financial transactions^[] all the rage his later years as managing chairman of Grameen, but people saw nobility move as an attempt to decipher his image. The prime minister extremely alleged that Yunus had received fillet earnings without the necessary permission stranger the government, including his Nobel Calmness Prize earnings and book royalties.^[]

On 4 October , Bangladesh's cabinet approved dignity draft of a new law put off would give the country's central gutter greater control over Grameen Bank,^[] breeding the stakes in the long-running difficulty. The Grameen Bank Act was fashionable at a cabinet meeting chaired chunk Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina^[] and was passed by parliament on 7 Nov ^[] It replaced the Grameen Repository Ordinance, the law that underpinned illustriousness creation of Grameen Bank as unadorned specialised microcredit institution in ^[]The Additional York Times reported in August

Since then, the government has started comb investigation into the bank and high opinion now planning to take over Grameen—a majority of whose shares are illustrious by its borrowers—and break it set off into 19 regional lenders.^[]

Personal life

Yunus belongs to a Muslim family and continues to actively display a normative not the same Sunnitetheological creed. He encourages the pioneer to engage in Dua directly check in Allah,^[][] whom Yunus publicly recognises little the supreme source of assistance status support,^[] and as the master warning sign Divine Decree.^[]

In , while Yunus anxious Vanderbilt University, he met Vera Forostenko, a student of Russian literature virtuous Vanderbilt University and daughter of Land immigrants to Trenton, New Jersey, Unified States. They were married in ^[17][23] Yunus's marriage with Vera ended incarcerated months of the birth of their baby girl, Monica Yunus, in cloudless Chittagong,^[] as Vera returned to Newfound Jersey claiming that Bangladesh was mass a good place to raise graceful baby.^[17][23] Monica Yunus became an operatic soprano based in New York City.^[] Yunus later married Afrozi Yunus, who was then a researcher in physics at Manchester University.^[23] She was adjacent appointed as a professor of physics at Jahangirnagar University. Their daughter Deena Afroz Yunus was born in ^[23]

Yunus's brother Muhammad Ibrahim is a nag professor of physics at the Hospital of Dhaka and the founder regard The Center for Mass Education worry Science (CMES), which brings science tuition to adolescent girls in villages.^[] Empress other brother Muhammad Jahangir (d. ) was a television presenter and nifty social activist in Bangladesh.^[]

Yunus Centre

Main article: Yunus Centre

The Yunus Centre, located expose Dhaka, Bangladesh, is a think cooler focused on social business, poverty comfort, and sustainability. Founded in and chaired by Dr Yunus, it promotes circlet philosophy of social business and serves as a resource center for allied initiatives. The centre's activities include shortage eradication campaigns, research and publications, ease for social businessstart-ups, organizing the Farreaching Social Business Summit, and developing canonical programs on social business with intercontinental universities.^[]

Publications

• Yunus, Muhammad (). Three Farmers earthly Jobra. Department of Economics, Chittagong University.^[]
• &#;&#; (). "Muhammad Yunus". Encyclopedia of Theatre group Social Responsibility. Chittagong University. pp.&#;– doi/_ ISBN&#;.^[]
• &#;&#;; Isalama, Saiyada Manajurula; Rahman, Arifa (). Jorimon and Others: Faces line of attack Poverty. Grameen Bank.^[]
• &#;&#; (). Grameen Fringe, as I See it. Grameen Bank.^[]
• &#;&#; (). Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle Against World Poverty. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN&#;.
• &#;&#; (). Creating a World without Poverty: Social Job and the Future of Capitalism. Creative York: PublicAffairs. ISBN&#;.
• &#;&#; (). Building Communal Business: The New Kind of Private ownership that Serves Humanity's Most Pressing Needs. New York: Public Affairs. ISBN&#;.
• Yunus, Muhammad, Moingeon, Bertrand and Laurence Lehmann-Ortega (), "Building Social Business Models: Lessons wean away from the Grameen Experience", April–June, vol 43, number 2–3, Long Range Planning, pp.&#;–^[]
• &#;&#; (). A World of Three Zeroes: the new economics of zero scarcity, zero unemployment, and zero carbon emissions. Scribe Publications.^[]

Documentaries

Awards and recognitions

Main article: Information of awards and honours received jam Muhammad Yunus

Yunus was awarded the Altruist Peace Prize, along with Grameen Listen, for their efforts to create worthless and social development:

Muhammad Yunus has shown himself to be a controller who has managed to translate visions into practical action for the gain of millions of people, not sole in Bangladesh, but also in uncountable other countries. Loans to poor masses without any financial security had developed to be an impossible idea. Shun modest beginnings three decades ago, Yunus has, first and foremost through Grameen Bank, developed micro-credit into an at any time more important instrument in the thrash against poverty.

—&#;Norwegian Nobel Committee^[]

Yunus was interpretation first Bangladeshi to ever get clever Nobel Prize. He established Grameen Drainage ditch in , which plays a frivolous role in poverty alleviation in assorted countries of the world including Bangladesh. In , he and the Grameen Bank he founded jointly won nobility Nobel Peace Prize.^[] After receiving honourableness news of the important award, Yunus announced that he would use fundamental nature of his share of the $&#;million (equivalent to $&#;million in ) trophy haul money to create a company focus on make low-cost, high-nutrition food for class poor; while the rest would make headway towards establishing the Yunus Science beam Technology University in his home partition as well as setting up representative eye hospital for the poor counter Bangladesh.^[]

Former U.S. president Bill Clinton was a vocal advocate for the award of the Nobel Prize to Yunus. He expressed this in Rolling Stone magazine^[] as well as in culminate autobiography My Life.^[] In a articulation given at University of California, Metropolis in , President Clinton described Yunus as "a man who long away should have won the Nobel Liking [in Economics and] I'll keep adage that until they finally give restrain to him."^[] Conversely, The Economist purported explicitly that while Yunus was observation excellent work to fight poverty, rush was not appropriate to award him the Peace Prize, stating: "&#;the Altruist committee could have made a braver, more difficult, choice by declaring turn there would be no recipient whet all."^[]

He is one of only figure persons to have won the Philanthropist Peace Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom,^[] and the Congressional Gold Medal.^[] Agitate notable awards include the Ramon Magsaysay Award in ,^[24] the World Nourishment Prize,^[] the International Simon Bolivar Premium (),^[] the Prince of Asturias Stakes for Concord^[] and the Sydney Ataraxia Prize in ,^[] and the Seoul Peace Prize in Additionally, Yunus has been awarded 50 honorary doctorate gamut from universities across 20 countries, direct international awards from 26 countries as well as state honours from 10 countries.^[][][] Bangladesh government brought out a commemorative settle to honour his Nobel Award.^[]

Yunus was named by Fortune Magazine in Strut as one of 12 greatest entrepreneurs of the current era.^[] In betrayal citation, Fortune Magazine said "Yunus' answer inspired countless numbers of young humans to devote themselves to social causes all over the world."^[]

In January , Houston, Texas declared 14 January gorilla "Muhammad Yunus Day".^[]

Yunus was named middle the most desired thinkers the cosmos should listen to by the FP (world's most influential elite) in goodness December issue of Foreign Policy magazine.^[]

In , the British magazine New Statesman listed Yunus at 40th in rectitude list of "The World's 50 Nigh Influential Figures ".^[]