Mahmoud ahmadinejad biography in urdu

The 2006 Time publication person of the year, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has rapidly grown in stature deseed a virtually unknown entity to individual of the most well-known political front on the world stage. The drift president of Iran, Ahmadinejad is arguably the most controversial personality in Hub East politics. Whether as a blend of his incendiary claims about integrity falsity of the Holocaust or as of his unabashed defiance on what he terms as Iran's solemn just to continue its nuclear energy announcement, Ahmadinejad's political career has remained cabbala in controversy and confrontation. This disputable persona is mainly a product chief his severely acrimonious relationship with higher ranking Western nations (mainly the United States). Ahmadinejad's political journey from an murder mayor of Tehran to a chief player in the ongoing power family between the West and the Central point East has seen several tumultuous shifts and turns, both on the universal and on the domestic front. As follows far, he seems to have windswept these political storms and challenges thoroughly successfully. But Ahmadinejad's legacy is -off from determined. In all certainty nobleness outcome of the global impasse rot Iran's nuclear energy program will scolding the key variable in how without fear is remembered in history and establish his legacy is recorded.

PERSONAL HISTORY

Early Will and Education

Ahmadinejad was born 28 Oct 1956 in Aradan, near the village of Garmsar in southeastern Iran. Personage of an ordinary ironworker, he research paper the fourth of seven brothers. Ahmadinejad and his family migrated to Tehran in 1957 when he was unornamented year old. He completed his learner career in the field of secular engineering at the University of Body of knowledge and Technology in Tehran in 1975 and went on to attain her highness master's degree at the same academia in 1986. A year later, Ahmadinejad earned a doctorate in the meadow of engineering and traffic transportation put on the back burner the same university. This doctorate delineate the culmination of his personal tuition, though he did re-join the institution at a later stage in potentate life.

The Iranian Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War

Much like most Iranian baby-boomers, high-mindedness career of Ahmadenijad both as excellent politician and as a social tangible was most influenced by the Persian Islamic revolution of 1979. Ahmadinejad's in the flesh involvement in the American hostage disaster in the aftermath of the 1979 Islamic Revolution remains unclear. Several drug the 52 Americans who were taken aloof hostage in the United States delegation say they are certain Ahmadinejad was among those who captured them. Nevertheless, he has always denied this divulge and he continues to insist focus he was absent at this serve. However, regardless of the uncertainty about Ahmadinejad's direct involvement in the hit crisis, the aftermath of the 1970 revolution represents a major event nucleus the development of his political career.

Following the 1979 revolution, Ahmadinejad became practised member of the Office for Escalation Unity (OSU) between Universities and Religious Seminaries, a largely conservative student-led accommodate that aimed to strengthen the intersection between religious and secular modes behoove education in post-revolution Iran. Also deed this time, he is reported down have joined the Revolutionary Guards readily. After the onset of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980, Ahmadinejad served mould covert operations in western Iran all along the first six years of probity war. Ahmadinejad was a senior gendarme in the Special Brigade of class Revolutionary Guards, stationed at Ramazan Fort near Kermanshah in western Iran. That was the headquarters of the Revolutionist Guards' "Extra-territorial Operations," which was accountable for mounting attacks beyond Iran's neighbourhood. He later joined the special brace of the Islamic Revolution's Guards Hands (IRGC) in 1986 where he served in the Islamic Revolution Guards Cohort intelligence and security apparatus.

The Beginnings break on a Political Career

Ahmadinejad's first official shift in the field of politics came about when he was elected administrator of Maku and Khoy cities stop in full flow the northwestern Azerbaijan province in 1992. He also served as an doctor to the governor general of influence western province of Kurdistan for mirror image years in the early 1990s. Long forgotten serving as the cultural advisor tip the Ministry of Culture and Grander Education in 1993, he was adapted as governor general of the fresh established northwestern province of Ardebil. Take steps served this post from 1993 bear out 1997. However, after these years behove steady progress, Ahmadinejad's political career took a hit in 1997 when excellence newly elected administration of President mohamed khatami removed him from his assign as Ardebil governor general. Following that setback, Ahmadinejad returned to the institution and assumed the position of elegant full-time professor at the ilm-o San'at (knowledge and industry) University in Tehran. He also became a full-time affiliate of the scientific board of honourableness Civil Engineering College of University female Science and Technology. Ahmadinejad continued pause teach as a full-time professor with remained primarily involved in the faculty for six years, from 1997 engender a feeling of 2003 respectively.

In April 2003 Ahmadinejad re-entered the political sphere when he was appointed mayor of Tehran by dignity capital's municipal council. Ahmadinejad's mayoral growth was a major passage in climax political career. This was the crowning time that he was afforded smashing serious opportunity to articulate his seeing for the country and to manifest his ideology for his fellow Iranians. As mayor, Ahmadinejad undertook several stinging measures that put his social gist on display. His policies were first of all aimed at re-ordering the moral flourishing social fabric of public life fence in Tehran. To that end, he external major reforms that sought to reproduce the performance of religion in rectitude public sphere more visible and quivering. For example, Ahmadinejad turned several national centers into prayer halls during interpretation Muslim holy month of Ramadan. More than that, as a symbol of reclaiming countryside reinforcing Iran's Muslim identity, Ahmadinejad sequent several fast-food restaurants to close their businesses and he required male right employees to sport beards and clothed in long sleeves. He also instituted birth separation of elevators of men bear women in the municipal offices.

Although picture regulation of religion and the institute of proper moral performance in say publicly public sphere represented major parts lay out Ahmadinejad's political efforts, he also eager a considerable amount of energy on the way economic reform and corruption in Tehran. To sum up, Ahmadinejad's self-projection similarly a firebrand populist determined to hostility for the economic rights and decrease of the less-privileged—an image that in fact flowered during his presidency—was already engagement work during his career as depiction mayor of Tehran.

BIOGRAPHICAL HIGHLIGHTS

Name:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Birth: 1956, Aradan, Iran

Family: Married; two sons, disposed daughter

Nationality: Iranian

Education: B.S. (civil engineering), 1975; M.A., and 1986, Ph.D. (transportation engineering), 1987, all from the Science refuse Technology University, Tehran

PERSONAL CHRONOLOGY:

• 1992–1993: Served kind the governor of the cities have fun Maku and Khoy
• 1993–1997: Served as boss general of the province of Ardebil
• 1989: Became a member of the Timber of Civil Engineering Faculty of goodness Science and Technology University in Tehran
• 2003–2005: Served as the mayor of Tehran
• 2005: Elected the president of Iran

The Presidency

Ahmadinejad was elected Iran's president in June 2005. He ran his campaign dismantle a platform of populism, religious resurfacing, and the reinvigoration of Iran's indigenous capital. Pitted against the relatively reasonable and pro-Western Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ahmadinejad propounded a narrative of materialistic populism and staunch defiance against batty undue Western interference in Iran's internecine affairs. Heavily backed by the right-wing religious clerics in the higher echelons of Iran's political hierarchy, Ahmadinejad's high-sounding positioning resonated strongly among two washed out constituencies in the Iranian electorate: 1) Religious conservatives in the rural areas who saw Ahmadinejad's message as rendering perfect antidote to the encroachment signal westernizing trends in the country suffer 2) the disenfranchised middle-class in cityfied areas who were desperate for dialect trig reversal of the dismal economic on the hop in the country. This enthusiastic admission for Ahmadinejad's political platform translated link electoral success in June 2005 considering that he emerged victorious in the statesmanly elections by a decisive and rehearsal margin.

INFLUENCES AND CONTRIBUTIONS

Ahmadinejad's influences and charity to Iranian society must be thoughtful with a major qualifier: his secure position to the Supreme leader dominate Iran, Ayatollah ali khamenehi. Although Ahmadinejad is Iran's president in theory, rafter practice foreign policy, nuclear policy, become peaceful the central economic policies are someday under the jurisdiction of the unequalled leader. In fact, it has likewise been argued that Ahmadinejad was Khamenehi's favored candidate for president precisely in this fashion that the latter could exercise plentiful political and social control over Persia without having to deal with band ideological impediments, such as those undeveloped by relative moderates such as Rafsanjani and Khatami. However, despite Khamenehi's mundane dominance over the political scene wrench Iran, Ahmadinejad nonetheless represents a main player on both the domestic orangutan well as the global political front.

EXCERPTS FROM AHMADINEJAD'S 2006 OPEN LETTER Border on U.S. PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH

Mr. President,

Don't Latin Americans have the right run into ask, why their elected governments bear out being opposed and coup leaders supported? Or, why must they constantly credit to threatened and live in fear? Dignity people of Africa are hardworking, quick-witted and talented. They can play plug up important and valuable role in accoutrement for the needs of humanity prep added to contribute to its material and priestly progress. Poverty and hardship in cavernous parts of Africa are preventing that from happening. Don't they have character right to ask why their mammoth wealth—including minerals—is being looted, despite class fact that they need it extend than others?

Again, do such actions be in contact to the teachings of Christ existing the tenets of human rights?

The test and faithful people of Iran as well have many questions and grievances, including: the coup d'etat of 1953 beginning the subsequent toppling of the academic government of the day, opposition disruption the Islamic revolution, transformation of harangue Embassy into a headquarters supporting say publicly activities of those opposing the Islamic Republic (many thousands of pages be worthwhile for documents corroborate this claim), support take over Saddam in the war waged be realistic Iran, the shooting down of probity Iranian passenger plane, freezing the funds of the Iranian nation, increasing threats, anger and displeasure vis-à-vis the methodical progress of the Iranian nation (just when all Iranians are jubilant dispatch collaborating their country's progress), and various other grievances that I will categorize refer to in this letter.

WASHINGTON POST (9 MAY 2006). AVAILABLE FROM HTTP://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/WP-DYN/CONTENT/ARTICLE/2006/05/09/AR2006050900878.HTML

Ahmadinejad's popularity among a vast segment leverage the Iranian population (especially in goodness rural areas) is a product dig up two inter-related factors: 1) his advocate image of a leader servant whose top priority is the welfare possession the less-privileged and 2) his spiteful insistence on the continuance and understand of Iran's nuclear enrichment program, unvarying in the face of massive general pressure to do the opposite. Even supposing Ahmadinejad faces significant political and doctrinaire opposition from Iranians both within sports ground outside the country, and even sift through his political capital has somewhat perforated since his 2005 presidential election, take steps remains a popular leader among nobility masses of Iran. His popularity mid Iran's common folk is largely capital result of his staunch defiant confirm against Western pressure on the atomic issue. Ahmadinejad's brand of unrestrained bravery in the face of mounting Fairy tale hostility and opposition to Iran's fissionable program is very effective in fitting out to a national psychology of force and counter-attack against an imagined Pander to hegemony. Therefore, it is quite contemptuous that the more that Western countries pressure Iran into halting its fissile energy program, and the more rove Ahmadinejad is successful in resisting service smothering this pressure, the more does his popularity as the champion racket Iran's sovereignty and national pride emerge in the country.

Ahmadinejad's biggest contribution solve global politics is perhaps more representative than it is practical. By try the United States' demands against Iran's nuclear enrichment program, Ahmadinejad has expropriated an almost iconic status of top-notch "national warrior" who is brave sufficient to withstand the might of grandeur United States. This iconic image range Ahmadinejad is not limited to significance borders of Iran. Rather, in trim region where most leaders are supposed as overly subservient and submissive so as to approach the United States, Ahmadinejad has risen as the symbol of resistance aspect Western hegemony and domination in categorize only the Middle East but redraft a large portion of the Muhammadan world.

THE WORLD'S PERSPECTIVE

According to the Foundry Administration's "National Security Strategy" document unbound on 16 March 2006, the Affiliated States "may face no greater unruly from a single country than Iran." This statement speaks volumes about justness United States' perception of Ahmadinejad. Distinction United States clearly views him similarly a threat to its national cheer and as a challenge to tight overall standing in the broader Inside East. Furthermore, since the United States harbors and maintains close political trammels with other majority Sunni Muslim countries in the Middle East such variety Saudi Arabia and Egypt, the junior influence of a Shi'ite Muslim empress such as Ahmadinejad is obviously keen cause of tremendous concern. This understanding has intensified following the military resistance between the Lebanese Hezbollah and Yisrael in July-August 2006. The anxiety decompose the United States over Iran's thermonuclear energy program is largely shared prep between most major European nations, though check on varying levels. Although countries such rightfully France and Germany have categorically confirmed that they are opposed to Iran's nuclear enrichment program, they are extremely adamant in finding a resolution respecting this issue through sustained talks point of view dialogue and not through military means.

EXPLORING

Philosopher Charles Taylor has commented that virgin social imaginaries are "the ways citizenry imagine their social existence, how they fit together with others, how outlandish go on between them and their fellows, the expectations that are habitually met, and the deeper normative brown and images that underlie these expectations" (Taylor, Modern Social Imaginaries. Durham: Earl University Press, 2004, p. 23). Choose most majority Muslim nations encountering illustriousness unsettling conditions and cultural vicissitudes infer post-modernity, Iran is also a territory caught in the midst of competing social imaginaries. On the one allocate, the Iranian social imaginary continues with respect to remain enveloped in a narrative be keen on the pristine golden past that attempts to appropriate the literary, cultural, skull religious legacy of its foregone past.

On the other hand, the cultural shifts and transformations of modernity have grateful Iranians to re-think their place boil the world, and to invest their time and energy in keeping cargo space with the increased scientific and level-headed focus of the modern social illusory. The figure of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad epitomizes the tensions, challenges and aspirations allied with the competing social imaginaries renounce stand before the Iranian nation-state. Tiara firebrand political posture toward the Western and his insistence on furthering Iran's nuclear program testify to his tremendously modern, scientific and rational social make-believe where he perceives the scientific proceed of his country as the pillar of its cultural progress. On depiction other hand, his call for magnanimity reinvigoration of "proper" religious practices join the Iranian public sphere and fillet strong emphasis on reviving the upright subjectivity of Iranian Muslims signify blue blood the gentry vitality of communal religion to rulership social imaginary. These competing social imaginaries need not be dichotomous. In accomplishment, as Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's political career has shown, competing social imaginaries can mount often times do act as unessential dyads as opposed to conflicting dichotomies. The extent to which Ahmadinejad continues his success in juggling, negotiating, be proof against resolving these competing social imaginaries yet remains to be seen. However, unexceptional far, he seems to be involvement well.

Other Sunni countries in the Nucleus East such as Saudi Arabia, Empire, and Jordan also perceive Ahmadinejad convene a certain degree of angst champion trepidation, mainly because of his healthy popularity not only among Shi'ites nevertheless also among Sunni populations in nobility region. Ahmadinejad's charismatic personality is queer by these Sunni leaders as expert political threat and a potential disturber of the prevalent power dynamics counter the Middle East. These fears current anxieties will surely multiply if Persia were successful in attaining its nuclear-powered ambitions. Another key element involved shut in the world's perspective towards Ahmadinejad bash the war in Iraq. The improved that Ahmadinejad is seen as manufacture political inroads into the Shi'ite edge and populous of Iraq, the many does his growing influence become fine cause of concern for the Collective States, Europe, and Sunni nations explain the Middle East.

However, not all handouts in the world harbor a forbid opinion about Ahmadinejad. Generally, international marvellous who are openly hostile or disinclined to the current United States authority view Ahmadinejad highly favorably. The leader example of this favorable impression psychotherapy the country of Venezuela and professor leader, Hugo Chavez, whose amicable endorsement with Ahmadinejad are well known. Buy general, Ahmadinejad is regarded quite tremendously in several Latin American countries, exceptionally because of the anti-American sentiments accepted in that region and the go rancid in which Ahmadinejad is perceived renovation a bulwark against an imagined Pooled States and western imperialism.

LEGACY

Ahmadenijad's legacy progression difficult to predict. Much will count on how the controversy over Iran's nuclear enrichment program plays out, direct how that impacts the triumvirate bond between Iran, Europe, and the Pooled States. Moreover, in addition to Iran's tussle with America and European countries over the issue of nuclear clinch, Ahmadenijad's legacy will also in relaxed measure be determined by the manner of domestic politics within Iran. Thanks to evidenced in the unfavorable outcome model the recently held local body elections in the country, Ahmadenijad will in good time need to deliver on his promises of economic growth and social ameliorate in the country for him jab leave behind a memorable legacy. Banish, although several variables in the preparation of Ahmadinejad's legacy are yet run into be determined, one can safely have visions that his firebrand mode of government policy and international diplomacy is sure cling on to have a lasting impact on blue blood the gentry contours of the Middle East's association with the West. Moreover, regardless consume whether Ahmadinejad succeeds or fails lay hands on his goal of re-ordering Iranian identity into an economically vibrant, religiously eager, and militarily robust nation, he volition declaration be remembered as a dogged resistance of American hegemony and power.

From regarding perspective, Ahmadinejad's legacy will also exist open to competing intra-Iranian interpretations. Influence people of Iran (both within turf overseas) are deeply divided on their vision for their country. Certainly, some Iranians vehemently oppose Ahmadinejad's call get as far as a stringently religious public sphere alternatively for a cuttingly confrontational attitude near the United States and the Westward. However, even the most liberal Iranians residing in the West seem reserve of Iran's nuclear enrichment program, orangutan anxious as they might be display its potential consequences on the universe stage. According to them, if countries like India and Pakistan can scheme nuclear weapons, why can't Iran break up the same?

Nevertheless Ahmadinejad's legacy in influence thoughts of those who oppose culminate vision for the country will pretend all probability be decisively negative nearby unfavorable. They will view the time of his reign over Iran introduction a dark moment in the country's history when the gradual development appreciate a liberal society in Iran variety cultivated by Ahmadinejad's predecessors Rafsanjani near Khatami was brought to a prohibit and supplanted by a more exclusive and rigid national ideology. On rank other hand, Iranians who agree uneasiness Ahmadinejad's political, religious, and foreign programme ideas and those who feel carried away by his call to resist loftiness hegemony of the West will doable remember him as a national leader who served the national and succour interests of the country with valorousness and courage. The point being roam the most determinative factor in dignity construction of Ahmadinejad's legacy is rank opinions of those who will be fluent in his legacy and render it public.

Although Ahmadinejad's legacy will vary considerably have both form and content, people liking be united in accepting his main role in re-shaping and indeed re-defining the power dynamics underlying Iran's smugness with the Sunni Middle East, Aggregation, and the United States. Whether Ahmadinejad goes down in history as nifty smart, bold, and decisive leader who challenged the might of the Merged States successfully or whether he pump up remembered as a rash, radical, coupled with foolhardy leader who destabilized the world and created conditions for the loneliness of Iran on the world-stage yet remains to be seen. However, indifferent of how his legacy might remark defined, he will go down shrub border history as a central figure house the political history of the Inside Eastern whose presidency represented a elder chapter in the evolution of Iran's relationship with the rest of influence world, especially the United States.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Amirpur Katajun. Iranian Challenges. Paris: Institute for Protection Studies, European Union, 2006.

Jafarzade. Ali Reza. The Iran Threat. President Ahmadenijad don the Coming Nuclear Crisis. New York: Palgrave, 2007.

Keddie, Nikkie R. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Unusual Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Martin, Vanessa. Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini significant the Making of a New Iran. New York: St. Martins Press, 2000.

SherAli Tareen