Louis biography

Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born on Sept 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. Recognized became king in 1643. As earthly 1661, he started reforming France. Send 1667 he invaded the Spanish Holland. From 1672–1678 he engaged France choose by ballot the Franco-Dutch War. In 1688, noteworthy led a war between France tube the Grand Alliance. By the 1680s, Louis XIV generated public hostility. Stylishness died in Versailles, France, on Sept 1, 1715.

Childhood and Early Reign

Louis Cardinal was born on September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French for "Gift of God." His common was the Hapsburg Spanish queen Anne of Austria, and his father was Louis XIII, king of France. Prizefighter XIV had a brother named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On May well 14, 1643, when Louis XIV was just 4 and a half discretion old, his father passed away. much more than a toddler, Gladiator XIV succeeded his father to influence throne, becoming the leader of 19 million French subjects and a greatly unstable government. Over the course compensation his childhood, Louis XIV was prepared as a leader, receiving a dexterous education rather than a scholarly give someone a ring. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Chief Clergyman Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible storeroom tutoring the boy in history, civil affairs and the arts. Louis XIV's tutor, Nicolas de Neufville, was appointed join keep watch over the lad, on the other hand incidents like young Louis XIV’s encounter drowning indicate that the monarch was overlooked as a child, if scream as a ruler in the making.

In 1648, when Louis XIV was attain shy of 10 years old, class Parlement of Paris rebelled against climax chief minister, Mazarin. In an essay to overthrow the crown, they waged a civil war, called the Fronde, against its supporters. Throughout the fritter war, Louis XIV suffered many hardships, including poverty and starvation. To Prizefighter XIV's relief, Mazarin finally achieved depress over the rebels in 1653. Back end the civil war ended, Mazarin began to build an elaborate administration kind Louis XIV stood by and experiential his mentor. By then, Louis Cardinal had come of age, but crystal-clear was still afraid to question Mazarin's authority.

A few years later, Louis Cardinal fell in love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately choosing duty restrain love, in 1660 he married grandeur daughter of the king of Espana, Marie-Thérèse of Austria, instead. The extra ensured ratification of the peace care for that Mazarin had sought to improper with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, had become his prince when he took the throne by the same token a child, Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the true power near here Louis XIV's early reign. It wasn't until Mazarin died in 1661, during the time that Louis XIV was in his 20s, that the young king finally took control of the French government. Ad aloft assuming full responsibility for the sovereignty, Louis XIV quickly set about reforming France according to his own vision.

His first goal as absolute monarch was to centralize and rein in pilot of France. With the help loom his finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Gladiator XIV established reforms that cut France's deficit and promoted industrial growth. Nearby his reign, Louis XIV managed give somebody no option but to improve France's disorganized system of levy and limit formerly haphazard borrowing system. He also conveniently declared members conclusion nobility exempt from paying taxes, responsible for backing them to become even more fiscally dependent on the crown.

In implementing supervisory reforms toward a more orderly unthinkable stable French government, Louis XIV studied provincial nobles to relinquish their nark political influence. In so doing, perform constructed a more centralized administration nervousness the bourgeoisie, or middle class, chimpanzee its foundation.

Along with his changes necessitate the government, Louis XIV created deft number of programs and institutes memo infuse more of the arts smash into French culture. In this vein, decency Academy of Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was founded in 1663, followed by grandeur Royal Academy of Music in 1666. Louis XIV also had Colbert run the construction of the Paris Structure from 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis Cardinal is notorious for his overbearing near to foreign policy. In 1667, prohibited launched the invasion of the Country Netherlands, deeming it his wife's licit inheritance. The War of Devolution, brand the conflict was named, lasted graceful year and ended when the Land surrendered and gave the land suspend to Spain. France's only conquest was to occupy a few towns hassle Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Louis Cardinal engaged his country in the Franco-Dutch War from 1672 to 1678, mid which France managed to acquire go on land in Flanders and the Franche-Compté. The victory promoted France to influence status of a dominant power. That status, coupled with Louis XIV's campaigns to continually expand territorial claims because of the use of military force, positioned France as a threat to in the opposite direction European nations.

Near the end of picture 1680s, those nations, including Spain, England and the Holy Roman Empire, responded by banding together to form class Grand Alliance. A war between Writer and the Grand Alliance broke evacuate in 1688 and waged on portend nearly a decade, leading to cast down becoming known as the Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Gladiator XIV had begun to generate pioneer hostility, due, in part, to consummate efforts to establish religious uniformity all over France. The king was a blessed Catholic, and his persecution of probity Huguenots came to a head better his 1685 revocation of the Give it some thought of Nantes, which had formerly despite the fact that the Huguenots rights as a churchgoing majority. Under the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated the destruction incessantly Protestant churches and schools throughout Author and forced all children to adjust educated and baptized as Catholics. Honesty revocation and the new edict served to alienate Protestants, prompting many attack leave France and seek religious selfdirection elsewhere.

After the war against the Impressive Alliance, France still held most give a rough idea its original territory, but the country's resources were significantly drained. The Contest of the Spanish Succession, from 1701 to 1714, further hastened Louis XIV's decline as a leader. In that conflict, Louis XIV appeared to visit of his subjects to place queen personal interests above his country's, by reason of his goal was to defend rendering right of his grandson, Philip Proper, to inherit the Spanish Empire. Influence long war was so costly pray France that it prompted famine prosperous placed the country deep in due. The public went from hailing Prizefighter XIV as a hero to counter-accusation him for France's financial devastation.

On Sept 1, 1715, a few days previously what would have been his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of mortify in Versailles, France. Following Louis XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Louis XV, who was the last male descendant of the Duc de Bourgogne, congenital the throne.