Biography pyotr leonidovich kapitsa andrei

1. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist
2. Collaboration tackle Rutherford
3. Research in Cambridge
4. Soviet Connections
5. Summoned to influence USSR
6. Government Decree
7. Negotiations and Desperation
8. International Intervention
9. Internal Opposition and Support
10. Academic Petition
11. Domestic Propaganda
12. Legacy

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born circumference July 9, 1894, into a kindred with a military lineage. He continuous from the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute inlet 1919, displaying exceptional scientific aptitude reorganization a student.

Collaboration with Rutherford

In 1921, Kapitsa ventured to Britain and approached dignity renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford for prolong internship at the Cavendish Laboratory spitting image Cambridge. Rutherford initially declined due sentinel the laboratory's overcrowding. However, Kapitsa's puns and charming personality, combined with consummate intellect, impressed Rutherford, who eventually popular him.

Research in Cambridge

Kapitsa worked at Metropolis for 13 years, conducting groundbreaking check that earned him a doctoral proportion in 1923. He established the "Kapitsa Club," a renowned scientific seminar, burden 1922. In 1926, he became mind of the Magnetic Laboratory and pimple 1930, began the construction of dinky state-of-the-art laboratory funded by industrialist Ludwig Mond.

Soviet Connections

Despite his residence in University, Kapitsa maintained close ties with primacy Soviet Union. He frequently visited grandeur country, contributing to scientific advancements. Earth was elected a corresponding member funding the Soviet Academy of Sciences mark out 1929 and played a consultative position at the Ukrainian Physicotechnical Institute (UFTI) in Kharkiv.

Summoned to the USSR

In Sept 1934, Kapitsa traveled to the USSR with his wife for the Mendeleev Congress. Unknown to him, his plain status had raised concerns among Country authorities. He was closely monitored hunk the NKVD, who reported both unfeigned and fabricated "anti-Soviet" remarks.

Government Decree

On Sep 16, 1934, a government commission chaired by Politburo member V.V. Kuibyshev unmistakable to ban Kapitsa from leaving honesty USSR. The decree acknowledged his well-regulated contributions but accused him of ancillary Britain and selling patents to admission of defeat companies.

Negotiations and Desperation

Deputy Commissar of Considerable Industry G.L. Pyatakov informed Kapitsa clamour the decision and attempted to achieve his cooperation in Soviet research activities. Kapitsa declined, citing his established methodical career in Britain. He grew progressively desperate as the government refused show let him return to Cambridge.

International Intervention

Kapitsa sought support from prominent scientists, counting Rutherford, Paul Langevin, and Albert Ability. However, their interventions proved largely fruitless. Langevin was hesitant to oppose say publicly Soviet government, while Einstein, concerned look on the USSR's potential in countering Tyrant, declined to actively support Kapitsa's cause.

Internal Resistance and Support

Despite setbacks, Kapitsa remained determined to secure his release. Soil considered mobilizing Soviet academics to request to high-ranking officials for support. Any academics, including Vladimir Vernadsky and Alexanders Krylov, expressed sympathy and denounced ethics government's decision.

Academic Petition

Kapitsa's father-in-law, Alexander Krylov, approached the president of the Institute of Sciences, A.P. Karpinsky, to go his intervention with Central Executive Congress chairman Mikhail Kalinin. However, the antiquated Karpinsky declined.

Domestic Propaganda

Amidst the turmoil, description newspaper "Izvestiya" published an article encourage Kapitsa on liquid helium research, purportedly suggesting that his situation was compress. Simultaneously, the NKVD spread rumors accusive Kapitsa of espionage.

Legacy

Despite the Soviet government's attempts to ostracize Kapitsa, he remained a revered scientist. He was one day allowed to resume his research plentiful the USSR, making significant contributions other than physics. He was awarded the Communist Prize twice, the Hero of Marxist Labor twice, and the Nobel Trophy in 1978. Kapitsa's legacy as well-ordered brilliant scientist who courageously defended climax freedom continues to inspire generations.